In June,
1972, several of Nixon’s men were caught breaking into Democratic Party
headquarters at the Watergate Hotel in Washington, DC – bringing to light the
infamous Watergate Scandal. Nixon himself downplayed the scandal as mere politics,
but when his aides resigned in disgrace, Nixon’s role in ordering an illegal
cover-up came to light in the press, courts, and congressional investigations.
N. Nixon was named by the grand jury investigating Watergate as
“an unindicted co-conspirator” in the Watergate scandal. In light of his loss
of political support and the near certainty of both his impeachment by the House
of Representatives and his probable conviction by the Senate, he resigned on
August 9, 1974, after addressing the nation on television the previous evening.
He never admitted to criminal wrongdoing, although he later conceded errors of
judgment.
The
slavery issue dominated Taylor’s short term. Although he owned slaves, he took
a moderate stance on the territorial expansion of slavery, angering fellow
Southerners. Taylor urged settlers in New Mexico and California to draft
constitutions and apply for statehood, bypassing the territorial stage. Southerners were furious with Taylor and with
California. Taylor held a stormy conference with Southern leaders who
threatened secession. He told them that if necessary to enforce the laws, he
personally would lead the Army.
Tyler’s
Presidency was rarely taken seriously in his time. Opponents usually referred
him to as the “Acting President” or “His Accidency”. The House of
Representatives considered the first impeachment resolution against a president
in American history. A committee headed by former president John Quincy Adams
concluded that Tyler had misused the veto, but the impeachment resolution did
not pass.
Fillmore
ascended to the presidency upon the sudden and unexpected death of President
Taylor in July 1850. The change in leadership also signaled an abrupt political
shift in the administration, as Fillmore removed Taylor’s entire cabinet,
replacing them with individuals known to be favorable to the Compromise
efforts. Fillmore signed into law the Fugitive Slave Act as a compromise
between Southern slaveholding interests and Northern Free-Soilers. The act
sought to force the authorities in free states to return fugitive slaves to
their masters.